【数据库】 mysql的四种安装方式
目录
MySQL 安装部署
一，仓库安装
二，本地安装
三，容器安装
四，源码安装
MySQL 安装部署
一，仓库安装
1，使用rpm命令从指定的网址装包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -ivh https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm
2，查看已经安装的仓库id和仓库名称，会发现多了以下几个仓库
MySQL Connectors Community； MySQL Tools Community ；MySQL 8.0 Community Server；
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
3，安装mysql软件
[root@wangjingjing yum.repos.d]# dnf install mysql-server -y
4，运行mysql软件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start mysqld
5，查看mysqld服务的状态
[root@wangjingjing yum.repos.d]# systemctl status mysqld
6，在/var/log/mysqld.log目录下面查看数据库root的临时密码
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
7，使用临时密码登录数据库（密码和-p之间不能有空格）
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -p' 9tJZ4JPtVa,)'
8，必须重置root用户的密码
要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。密码和-p不能有空格隔开
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';
9，退出数据库
mysql> exit
10，使用新设置的密码登录数据库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -pAdmin123!
11，查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
卸载数据库软件
1，使用命令卸载mysql软件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf remove mysql-server -y
2，查看是否卸载干净
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
3，把没卸载干净的卸载完
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -e mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch
4，清除日志文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
二，本地安装
1，新建一个mysql目录，并切换到mydql目录下
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir mysql
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd mysql
2，下载rpm包
[root@localhost mysql]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
3，下载完成后是一个tar包，需要解包
[root@localhost mysql]# tar xf mysql-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
4，解包后会生成许多rpm包
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
5，安装mysql时会用到一些依赖包；安装依赖包（包之间有依赖，一起安装）
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-common-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm mysql-community-libs-8.0.32-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
6，启动mysqld服务
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
7，查看服务状态
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
8，查看数据库root的临时密码
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
9，使用临时密码登录数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Lf+lN:jqO3;w'
10，设置新密码
要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一位数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。
密码和-p不能有空格隔开，用单引号引起来
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'Admin123!';
11，退出数据库
mysql> exit
12，使用新密码登录
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Admin123!';
13，查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
卸载软件
1，卸载包，卸载时不需要加包名
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -evh mysql-community-client-plugins mysql-community-common mysql-community-libs mysql-community-client mysql-community-icu-data-files mysql-community-server
2，清除日志文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
三，容器安装
1，如果之前安装过容器相关的包；卸载已有的包
[root@localhost mysql]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost mysql]# yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
2，装容器所需要的依赖包
[root@localhost mysql]# dnf install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
3，需要写容器的仓库；添加阿里云的仓库
[root@localhost mysql]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
4，查看目录/etc/yum.repos.d；会发现多了一个docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
5，查看已经安装的仓库id和仓库名称，会发现多了1个仓库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
6，修改下载docker的网站，改为阿里云的（国内的比较快）
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
7，安装docker--ce时需要替换冲突软件包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# dnf install docker-ce --allowerasing -y
8，启动docker服务
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker
9，查看docker服务状态
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl status docker
10，测试能否正常使用
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker run --name mysqltest -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker ps
11，进到容器里面操作数据库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker exec -it mysqltest /bin/bash
bash-4.4# mysql -uroot -p123456
12，查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
四，源码安装
1，下载源码包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz
--2023-02-10 09:14:15-- https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz
Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.36.48.238
Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.36.48.238|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 436207624 (416M) [application/x-tar-gz]
Saving to: ‘mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1’
mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1 100%[===================================================>] 416.00M 5.33MB/s in 74s
2023-02-10 09:15:30 (5.63 MB/s) - ‘mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1’ saved [436207624/436207624]
2，添加用户和组：
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# groupadd mysql
groupadd: group 'mysql' already exists
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
useradd: user 'mysql' already exists
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
3，解压包：
[root@localhost mysql-source]# tar xvf mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1
4，解压完成后会生成一堆文件在mysql-8.0.32目录下：
[root@localhost mysql-source]# ll
total 425992
drwxr-xr-x. 32 7161 31415 4096 Dec 16 23:59 mysql-8.0.32
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 436207624 Dec 16 23:01 mysql-boost-8.0.32.tar.gz.1
5，切换到目录mysql-8.0.32下，可以查看到源码包里面所有的东西
[root@localhost mysql-source]# cd mysql-8.0.32/
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# ls
boost configure.cmake include libservices packaging share testclients
client Docs INSTALL LICENSE plugin sql unittest
cmake Doxyfile-ignored libbinlogevents man README sql-common utilities
CMakeLists.txt Doxyfile.in libbinlogstandalone mysql-test router storage vio
components doxygen_resources libchangestreams MYSQL_VERSION run_doxygen.cmake strings
config.h.cmake extra libmysql mysys scripts support-files
6，安装编译器
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake -y
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
MySQL Tools Community 1.3 kB/s | 2.6 kB 00:01
baseos 2.7 MB/s | 2.7 kB 00:00
AppStream 3.1 MB/s | 3.2 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
7，安装编译过程中可能需要的一些库:
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# yum install cmake gcc-toolset-12-gcc gcc-toolset-12-gcc-c++ gcc-toolset-12-binutils openssl-devel ncurses-devel libtirpc rpcgen git -y
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Unable to read consumer identity
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
8，安装包：
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpm
Retrieving https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-stream/9-stream/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9.x86_64.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.xz3G2s: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
Verifying... # [100%]
Preparing... # [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:libtirpc-devel-1.3.3-0.el9 # [100%]
9，创建一个编译的目录：
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# mkdir bld
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.32]# cd bld
10，编译（注意路径）：
[root@localhost bld]# cmake .. -DWITH_BOOST=../boost/boost_1_77_0/
-- Running cmake version 3.20.2
-- Found Git: /usr/bin/git (found version "2.31.1")
11，编译
[root@localhost bld]# make
12，安装：把编译的文件拷贝到对应的系统下的目录
[root@localhost bld]# make install
13，切换到目录/usr/local/mysql下
[root@localhost bld]# cd /usr/local/mysql
14，创建目录 mysql-files 用来存储mysql的一些数据
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
15，修改此目录的所属者与所属组以及此目录的权限，防止mysql读不到，
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files
16，初始化数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
17，开启lsl的加密
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
18，获取临时密码
[root@localhost mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-02-07T13:07:17.842453Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: *2D):irrJ_!_
19，使用新密码登录
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'Admin123!';
20，查看数据库
mysql> show databases;
